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当前位置:首页 > 教学参考> 教学研究> 教学论文 > 内容详情

其实,科学就在身边

作者:朱道荣  人气: 1948 次  时间:2006年03月23日  星级:

湖北省洪湖市教研室 朱道荣


谈到科学,有同学不敢问津;谈到科学探究,有同学觉得深不可测;谈到科学家,有同学更是感到高不可攀。诚然,成为科学家的人的确屈指可数,但只要勤于观察,善于思考,勇于实践,敢于创新,从生活走向科学,你就会发现:其实,科学就在身边。正如马克思说的:“科学就是实验的科学,科学就在于用理性的方法去整理感性材料”。

科学存在于科学家的身边。勤于观察的意大利科学家伽利略,在比萨大教堂做礼拜时,悬挂在教堂半空中的铜吊灯的摆动引起了他极大的兴趣,后来反复观察,反复研究,发明了摆的等时性;善于思考的我国古代杰出的医学家华佗,给一位喝醉了酒的病人做手术时,没像往常那样用绳子捆住病人,而且病人也没丝毫的挣扎意识。华佗由此苦思冥想,搜集各种草药,经反复试验,终于发明了中药麻醉剂──麻沸散;勇于实践的美国科学家富兰克林,为认清“天神发怒”的本质,在一个电闪雷鸣、风雨交加的日子,冒着生命危险,利用司空见惯的风筝将“上帝之火”请下凡,由此发明了避雷针;敢于创新的英国科学家亨利·阿察尔去邮局办事。当时身旁有位外地人拿出一大版新邮票,准备裁下一枚贴在信封上,苦于没有小刀。找阿察尔借,阿察尔也没有。这位外地人灵机一动,取下西服领带上的别针,在邮票的四周整整齐齐地刺了一圈小孔,然后,很利落地撕下邮票。外地人走了,却给阿察尔留下了一串深深的思考,并由此发明了邮票打孔机,有齿纹的邮票也随之诞生了;中国的科学家蔡伦发明造纸术;鲁班发明锯子;古希腊阿基米德发现阿基米德原理;德国物理学家伦琴发现X射线……研究身边的琐事并有大成就的科学家的事例不胜枚举。

科学也存在于同学们身边。学了测量的初步知识,同学们纷纷做起了软尺。有位同学别出心裁,用透明胶把制好的牛皮纸软尺包扎好,这样更牢固。然后,用大大卷泡泡糖的包装盒作为软尺的外壳,在盒的中心利用铁丝做一摇柄中心轴,软尺的末端固定在轴上,这样一个可以收拾并反复使用的卷尺诞生了。同时,这位同学受软尺制作的启示,用实验解决了一道习题:用软尺测量物体长度时,若把软尺拉长些,测量值是偏大还是偏小?他做了这样一个模拟实验:在白纸上画一条直线,标上刻度,然后用透明胶粘贴,再扯下来,便做成了“软尺”,用“软尺”不仅找到了上题的答案,而且还清楚地看到分度值变大了,知其然,并知其所以然;学了电学的有关知识后,同学们对蚯蚓能承受的最大电压进行了探究:当给它加上1.5V的电压时,蚯蚓迅速分泌粘液,且奋力挣扎,从瓶内跳出瓶外。当给它加上3V的电压时,蚯蚓被电为两截;有同学在测量“2.4V 0.5A”的小灯泡的功率,并研究其发光情况时,不满足于给灯泡加上2.4V的电压,而是用自己早已准备好的小灯泡做破坏性实验,不断加大灯泡两端的电压,直至电压高达9V、灯泡灯丝烧断,才停止探究;有同学在学习蒸发的知识时,不厌其烦地座在桌旁观察相同的两滴水(其中一滴水滩开),进行聚精会神地观察,然后进行分析、对比,得出影响蒸发的因素……同学们捕捉身边的琐事进行探究的事例屡见不鲜。

今天,人类所有的令人惊叹不已的科学技术成就,如克隆羊、因特网、核电站、航空技术等,无不是建立在早年的科学家们对身边琐事进行观察并研究的基础上的。在学习中,同学们要树立科学意识,大处着眼,小处着手,经历观察、思考、实践、创新等活动,逐步掌握科学的学习方法,训练科学的思维方式,不久你就会拥有科学家的头脑,为自己今后惊叹不已的发展,为今后美好的生活打下扎实的基础。

原文刊登于《科学课》(初中版)2003年第1期

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