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教学参考

有哪四大世界科学难题？

作者：vip  人气： 2741 次  时间：2004年11月29日  星级：

当前世界上有四个最大的科学难题，全球各专业的科学家都在设法揭开大自然的这些秘密，如能解开这些谜团，那么人类的生活以及对世界的看法将发生根本的
变化。

　　一、人体基因结构

　　人的基因存储在一个螺旋形的大分子中。现在科学家希望能准确地知道在哪一种基因中存储哪些信息，因为每种基因由约3万个信息构成，要一个一个地检查，现在才查明约10万种基因中的100种。日前，科学家们已解出一个志愿者的全部基因密码，如能揭开全部基因的秘密，那么由于基因受损而引起的癌症、糖尿病以及其它迄今已知的4000多种遗传疾病都可以通过修复基因来根治。

　　二、宇宙中的黑暗物质

　　根据新的计算，宇宙间存在的物质比现在天文学家看见的要多九倍，宇宙爆炸论才能成立。然而这些物质在哪里，是什么成分，是否还能发现大量的黑暗物质，完全是个未知数。

　　三、受控核聚变

　　用7克氢核燃料能够产生6吨煤的能量，而且氢核燃料是从水中提取的，用之不尽，对人类和环境的危害也只是现在能源的1%。现在理论问题虽然解决了，实际问题还没解决。氢核聚变的前提是1亿度高温，如何建造能承受如此高温的熔炉。

　　四、生命起源

　　美国科学家米勒仿造出40亿年前地球上的条件，结果在此条件下产生出氨基酸---生命的组成部分。但是如何演变成生命仍然是个谜，现在计算机科学家编制出人工生物的程序，在计算机世界中观察“生命”起源，他们认为，这是理解生命结构的第一步，未来的目标要模拟出生命的形成。

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