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教学参考

模拟人的听觉过程演示器

作者：邢大义  人气： 1294 次  时间：2018年06月27日  星级：

湖北省广水市余店初级中学　邢大义
 

　　【器材】

 

　　装酒的纸盒一个，50cm×30cm×20cm的纸箱一个，橡皮膜两块，透明胶带一卷，细绳，平面镜2块（其中小的一块平面镜面积约为2～4cm2，而且较薄,可以用反射性能好的包装纸），胶水，手电筒（或聚光灯）、支架一幅，20CM的木棒一根等。

 

　　【制作方法】

 

　　（1）将装酒的纸盒截取5～8CM的两段，将其中每段的一端，用胶水把橡皮膜进行密封。

 

　　（2）在50cm×30cm×20cm的纸箱上最长的两端，靠近底部前方，对应开两个和装酒的纸盒截面等大的方孔。把上面两个粘了橡皮膜的装酒的纸盒放入纸箱的两孔，开口向外，与纸箱的外面平齐。橡皮膜向内，用胶水固定纸盒。

 

 

　　（3）在两橡皮膜的中间，用针穿上两条细线一起拉紧固定，正中用一根细棒将两条细线分开，用胶水将反射性能好的包装纸2～4cm2固定在细棒和细线上，让反射面向着正上方。

 

　　（4）在纸箱的外面用厚纸做成人耳形，用胶水固定在纸箱上。

 

　　【使用方法】

 

　　（1）用支架固定手电筒（或聚光灯），让他们发的光正好以一定的倾角射向反射面上，反射光在纸箱的内表面。用电铃（或其他的发声体）在纸箱的外面不同的位置发声，观察光斑的振动情况。

 

　　（2）同上面的方法一样，用木棒将发声体和纸盒都接触，观察光斑的振动情况。

 

　　【注意事项】

 

　　橡皮膜的弹性要比较好，胶水固定时要牢固，细线要拉直，光的反射角度要调节好。应在光线较暗的教室进行实验，光斑看得更清晰。

 

　　【备注】

 

　　人的听觉过程不容易观察，通过此实验，可以方便的模拟人的听觉过程，双耳效应，骨传播声音等。用实验可以方便的突破教学中的难点，是演示实验的关键。

 

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