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教学参考

课题：测定花生中燃料的利用率

作者：vip  人气： 8356 次  时间：2006年02月25日  星级：

................................
三、实验探究（即实验操作和数据的收集）
让学生根据实验桌上所给的实验器材和自己设计的实验步骤来选择合适的器具，进行实验操作，收集实验数据，并仔细观察实验中发生的各种现象。（桌上所给的实验器材有：花生、水、大头针、镊子、试管、烧杯、量筒、天平、温度计、铁架台、酒精灯、火柴等）
学生中有的会用镊子直接夹取花生来烧，但烧到一半就掉了，教师可以启发他，有没有解决的办法？利用大头针怎么样？学生恍然大悟，用“一箭双雕”的办法，让花生即烧得透，又掉不了。
对于实验装置的组合，教师可以事先做好一个放在讲台上，细致聪慧的学生很快就注意到了。
小组采取分工，合作，实验做得又快又好，教室里散发出阵阵烤花生的香味，冒出了一道道青烟，试管壁上覆着了一层厚厚的烟渍。这种平时生活中司空见惯的现象，此时显得如此生动。同学们兴奋极了，互相惊叹着。一粒小小的花生竟储存了这么丰富的能量！可以使试管内20ml的水温快速上升。更有甚者，有的小组只装了10ml的水，竟然被烧沸腾。充分发挥学生学习的主动性，参与性，和创造性。
四、 对实验数据的处理
组织学生对实验数据进行归纳计算，并对各组的最终实验数值进行统计，求出范围及均值。
五、 问题探讨与拓展
让学生对实验现象与结果加以讨论，并以口头的形式表达和交流

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