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2020中考物理复习:电学“顺口溜”

作者:佚名  人气: 993 次  时间:2020年07月14日  星级:

电路及特点

摩擦起电本领大,电子转移有变化;吸引排斥验电器,静电放电要注意。

毛皮摩擦橡胶棒,棒上负电比较强;丝绸摩擦玻璃棒,丝负玻正等电量。

定向移动成电流,电流方向有规定;电源外部正到负,自由电子是倒流。

容易导电是导体,不易导电是绝缘;绝缘自由电荷少,防止漏电和触电。

学电路前画元件,认真规范是关键;整个图形是长框,元件均匀摆四方。

拐角之处留空白,这样标准显出来;通路断路和短路,最后一路烧电源。

基本电路串并联,分清特点是关键;串联就是一条路,正极出发负极回。

一灯烧毁全路断,一个开关管全局;开关位置无影响,局部短路特殊用。

并联电路像河流,分了干路分支流;干路开关全控制,支路电器独立行。

串联等流电压分,并联分流电压等;串联灯亮电阻大,并联灯亮小电阻。

照明电路和安全用电

火线零线要分清,示意图上总平行;电度表来测电能,保险丝在干路中。

各种插座要并联,用电器间也包含;灯泡开关是串联,开关接的是火线。

尾部金属接火线,这样来做最安全;零线要接螺旋套,预防触电要记牢。

金属外壳用电器,中间插脚要接地;三孔插座用两孔,绝缘破损太危险。

功率过大会超载,电路短路更危险;保险装置起作用,电表铭牌会计算。

安全电压要记牢,构成通路会触电;高压带电不靠近,触电首先断电源。

树下避雨要当心,高物要装避雷针;湿手莫要扳开关,老化元件勤更换。

伏安法测电阻、电功率连接电路

画电路,连元件,连线过程断开关,滑片移到最大端,电压表并,电流表串,“正”“负”接错针反,整理仪器再计算。

同段导体三个量,I、U正比I、R反,不管I、U多变换,理解R是不变。

W=UIt,可用谐音法记作:大不了,又挨踢。

电与磁

磁体周围有磁场,北出南回磁感向,场外北极也一样。

闭导切割磁感线,感应电流就出现。改变动向流向变,机械能向电能转。电磁感应来发电,法拉第贡献不一般。

判断螺线用安培,右手紧握螺线管。电流方向四指指,N极指向拇指端。


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